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GeeGit Explains · Indonesia

Bisakah Singapura menuntut Indonesia soal kabut asap?

Can Singapore sue Indonesia over the haze?

Singapura punya Transboundary Haze Pollution Act 2014 untuk mendenda perusahaan pembakar lahan, tapi hukumnya berhenti di perbatasan negara.

Sampul short: Can Singapore sue Indonesia over the haze?

Short-nya segera tayang di YouTube @geegit

Penjelasannya

Setiap musim kemarau, asap beracun dari kebakaran gambut Indonesia menyelimuti Singapura, menutup sekolah dan menyesakkan jutaan orang. Singapura lalu mengesahkan undang-undang yang memberi pengadilannya wewenang menuntut perusahaan penyebabnya.

Menurut undang-undang 2014 itu, perusahaan asing yang membakar lahan hingga asapnya sampai ke Singapura bisa didenda jutaan. Lalu kenapa dalam lebih dari satu dekade undang-undang ini nyaris tidak menjerat satu perusahaan pun?

Karena mengesahkan hukum itu mudah; menegakkannya melintasi batas negara hampir mustahil. Menurut hukum internasional, Singapura tidak punya kewenangan polisi di wilayah Indonesia tanpa persetujuan Indonesia. Asap melintas perbatasan tanpa paspor, tetapi hukumnya berhenti di garis pantai.

Diagram dari video

Diagram GeeGit: Every dry season, toxic smoke from Indonesian peat fires blankets Singapore, shutting down schools and choking millions.
“Every dry season, toxic smoke from Indonesian peat fires blankets Singapore, shutting down schools and choking millions.”
Diagram GeeGit: Furious over the pollution, Singapore passed a historic law giving its courts the power to sue the guilty companies.
“Furious over the pollution, Singapore passed a historic law giving its courts the power to sue the guilty companies.”
Diagram GeeGit: So why has the law barely touched a single company in over a decade?
“So why has the law barely touched a single company in over a decade?”
Transkrip video (English)

Every dry season, toxic smoke from Indonesian peat fires blankets Singapore, shutting down schools and choking millions.

Furious over the pollution, Singapore passed a historic law giving its courts the power to sue the guilty companies.

Under the 2014 Act, any foreign company that burns land causing haze in Singapore can be fined millions.

So why has the law barely touched a single company in over a decade?

Because passing a law is easy. Enforcing it across an international border is virtually impossible.

Under international law, Singapore has zero police power inside Indonesian territory without its consent.

Smoke drifts across borders without a passport. But the law stops dead at the shoreline.

Sumber

  • Singapore THPA (2014)
  • ASEAN Haze Agreement
  • UN Charter

Diagram digambar ulang dan disederhanakan oleh GeeGit. Narasi video: suara AI.

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