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Kenapa roket diluncurkan dekat khatulistiwa?

Why do rockets launch near the equator?

Permukaan Bumi di khatulistiwa bergerak 465 meter per detik. Roket yang diluncurkan ke timur dari sana mendapat dorongan gratis yang menghemat bahan bakar, salah satu alasan rencana bandar antariksa di Biak.

Sampul short: Why do rockets launch near the equator?

Short-nya segera tayang di YouTube @geegit

Penjelasannya

Badan antariksa menghabiskan miliaran untuk mengirim roket raksasa ke hutan tropis terpencil hanya untuk meluncurkannya. Eropa meluncur dari Amerika Selatan, Amerika dari Florida bagian selatan. Kenapa begitu dekat ke khatulistiwa?

Karena Bumi diam-diam memberi setiap roket dorongan kecepatan gratis. Bumi berputar ke timur sekali sehari, dan karena khatulistiwa adalah bagian terlebar planet, permukaannya bergerak paling cepat: sekitar 465 meter per detik, atau lebih dari 1.600 km per jam.

Luncurkan roket ke arah timur, dan momentum gratis itu langsung menjadi berton-ton bahan bakar yang dihemat atau tambahan muatan. Dalam ilmu roket, setiap meter per detik berarti, dan khatulistiwa memberi start paling unggul. Inilah salah satu alasan rencana bandar antariksa di Biak.

Diagram dari video

Diagram GeeGit: Space agencies spend billions shipping massive rockets to remote tropical jungles just to launch them.
“Space agencies spend billions shipping massive rockets to remote tropical jungles just to launch them.”
Diagram GeeGit: Because the planet is secretly giving every rocket an enormous free speed boost.
“Because the planet is secretly giving every rocket an enormous free speed boost.”
Diagram GeeGit: Launch to the east, and that free momentum translates directly into tons of saved rocket fuel or extra payload capacity.
“Launch to the east, and that free momentum translates directly into tons of saved rocket fuel or extra payload capacity.”
Transkrip video (English)

Space agencies spend billions shipping massive rockets to remote tropical jungles just to launch them.

Europe launches from South America, and America launches from southern Florida. Why so close to the equator?

Because the planet is secretly giving every rocket an enormous free speed boost.

Earth spins eastward once a day. Because the equator is the widest point on the planet, the surface moves the fastest.

Stand on the equator, and you are already traveling at over one thousand miles per hour, four hundred sixty-five meters per second.

Launch to the east, and that free momentum translates directly into tons of saved rocket fuel or extra payload capacity.

In rocket science, every meter per second counts. And the equator gives you the ultimate head start.

Sumber

  • NASA Orbital Mechanics
  • ESA Guiana Space Centre

Diagram digambar ulang dan disederhanakan oleh GeeGit. Narasi video: suara AI.

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