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Kenapa pesawat tidak terbang lurus?

Why don't planes fly in a straight line? Great circle routes

Jalur pesawat yang terlihat melengkung di peta datar sebenarnya rute terpendek di bola Bumi: rute lingkaran besar (great circle).

Sampul short: Why don't planes fly in a straight line? Great circle routes

Short-nya segera tayang di YouTube @geegit

Penjelasannya

Kalau melihat peta penerbangan di layar kursi, pesawat hampir tidak pernah terbang lurus. Penerbangan London ke Tokyo, misalnya, melengkung jauh ke utara mendekati Arktik. Kenapa mengambil jalan memutar?

Jawabannya: lengkungan itu bukan jalan memutar, melainkan jalur terpendek. Peta datar adalah distorsi dua dimensi dari bola tiga dimensi, sehingga garis lurus di peta datar sebenarnya melengkung di bola dunia. Jarak terpendek antara dua titik di permukaan bola disebut rute lingkaran besar (great circle).

Terbang dari California ke London lewat Arktik memangkas lebih dari 800 kilometer lautan kosong. Pesawatnya terbang lurus; peta datarlah yang menipu mata kita.

Diagram dari video

Diagram GeeGit: If you look at the flight map on your seatback screen, your plane almost never flies in a straight line.
“If you look at the flight map on your seatback screen, your plane almost never flies in a straight line.”
Diagram GeeGit: The answer: that curve isn't the long way. It is the shortest possible path.
“The answer: that curve isn't the long way. It is the shortest possible path.”
Diagram GeeGit: Flying from California to London through the Arctic cuts off over eight hundred kilometers of empty ocean.
“Flying from California to London through the Arctic cuts off over eight hundred kilometers of empty ocean.”
Transkrip video (English)

If you look at the flight map on your seatback screen, your plane almost never flies in a straight line.

Instead, flights between London and Tokyo curve drastically north toward the Arctic. Why take the long way?

The answer: that curve isn't the long way. It is the shortest possible path.

Flat maps are two-dimensional distortions of a three-dimensional sphere. A straight line on a flat map is actually a curve.

The shortest distance between any two points on a globe is called a Great Circle route.

Flying from California to London through the Arctic cuts off over eight hundred kilometers of empty ocean.

The plane is flying completely straight. It's the flat map that's lying to your eyes.

Sumber

  • ICAO Air Navigation Manual
  • FAA Instrument Flying Handbook

Diagram digambar ulang dan disederhanakan oleh GeeGit. Narasi video: suara AI.

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